One of Williams's most dynamic relationships as a mentor was with fellow New Jerseyite Allen Ginsberg. He had an especially significant influence on many of the American literary movements of the 1950s, including the Beat movement, the San Francisco Renaissance, the Black Mountain school, and the New York School.
In his later years, Williams took on the role of elder statesman and mentored and influenced younger poets. He also examined the role of the poet in American society and famously summarized his poetic method in the phrase "No ideas but in things" (found in his poem "A Sort of a Song" and repeated again and again in Paterson). In his modernist epic collage of place, Paterson (published between 19), an account of the history, people, and essence of Paterson, New Jersey, he tried to write his own Modernist epic poem, focusing on "the local" on a wider scale than he had previously attempted. Instead, Williams preferred colloquial American English. Critically, Eliot returned us to the classroom just at the moment when I felt we were on a point to escape to matters much closer to the essence of a new art form itself-rooted in the locality which should give it fruit." And although he respected the work of Eliot, Williams became openly critical of Eliot's highly intellectual style with its frequent use of foreign languages and allusions to classical and European literature. In his Autobiography, Williams would later write, "I felt at once that had set me back twenty years and I'm sure it did. Eliot published The Waste Land which became a literary sensation and overshadowed Williams' very different brand of poetic Modernism. thought the book was "flippant."Ī few years later, Williams published one of his seminal books of poetry, Spring and All, which contained classic Williams poems like "By the road to the contagious hospital," "The Red Wheelbarrow," and "To Elsie." However, in 1922, the year before Williams published Spring and All, T.S. Pound called the work "incoherent" and H.D. In 1920, Williams was sharply criticized by many of his peers (like H.D., Pound, and Wallace Stevens) when he published one of his most experimental books, Kora in Hell: Improvisations. In 1915 Williams also began to associate with a group of New York artists and writers known as "The Others." Founded by the poet Alfred Kreymborg and the artist Man Ray, this group included Walter Conrad Arensberg, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, Marianne Moore and Marcel Duchamp. (also known as Hilda Doolittle, another well-known poet whom he befriended while attending the University of Pennsylvania), but soon he began to develop opinions that differed from those of his poet/friends. Early in his career, he briefly became involved in the Imagist movement through his friendships with Ezra Pound and H.D. He practiced medicine by day and wrote at night. In addition to poetry (his main literary focus), he occasionally wrote short stories, plays, novels, essays, and translations. Shortly afterward, his second book of poems, The Tempers, was published by a London press through the help of his friend, Ezra Pound whom he met while studying at the University of Pennsylvania.Īlthough his primary occupation was as a family doctor, Williams had a successful literary career as a poet.
They moved into a house in Rutherford, New Jersey, which was their home for many years. Williams married Florence Herman (1891–1976) in 1912, after his first proposal to her older sister was refused. He published his first book, Poems, in 1909. He attended the Horace Mann School upon his return to New York City and after having passed a special examination, he was admitted in 1902 to the medical school of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1906. He received his primary and secondary education in Rutherford until 1897, when he was sent for two years to a school near Geneva and to the Lycée Condorcet in Paris. Her son, Williams' father, married a Puerto Rican woman of French Basque and Dutch Jewish descent. His grandmother, an Englishwoman deserted by her husband, had come to the United States with her son, remarried, and moved to Puerto Rico. Williams was born in Rutherford, New Jersey. Williams "worked harder at being a writer than he did at being a physician" but excelled at both. He was also a pediatrician and general practitioner of medicine with a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. William Carlos Williams (Septem– March 4, 1963) was an American poet closely associated with modernism and Imagism.
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